![]() ![]() ![]() Meanwhile, in Latin America, turn-of-the-century naturalism, tinged with some horror and death, surged as Uruguay's Horacio Quiroga (1878-1937) published his first stories, including "The Decapitated Chicken" ("La gallina degollada" 1917). ![]() Film viewers are immediately introduced into an ambiguous emotional space of compassion and disgust, not knowing where or how to interpret reactions that lead us to either emotion. Freaks, one of Browning's first films after the successful direction of Bela Lugosi in Dracula (1931), was a critical failure and personal relations disaster for its studio, MGM, mainly for the unconventional use of verified circus show "freaks" 1as actors, as well as for the very candid display of disability and violence. Browning immerses viewers immediately into the lives of the circus sideshow, the community of disabled who defend and protect their own to the death in this film, with strict and loving adherence to the "code of the freaks" (film dialogue). " who has become "the most amazing, the most astounding living monstrosity of all time," so the carnival barker warns the public in the introduction of Tod Browning's black and white film, Freaks (1932), as the frame pans around to show carnival goers looking down into a pen, their faces twisting in horror, some screaming. "Friends, she was once a beautiful woman. ![]()
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